El foramen oval permeable se ha asociado a infartos cerebrales en pacientes jóvenes con ictus criptogénico. In these patients, transthoracic echocardiography has low sensibility for detecting permeability of the foramen ovale. A bigger mobility of the membrane of the oval cavity and a «large» degree of shunt contrast as well as shunt at rest detected by contrast transesophageal echocardiography, seem to identify patent foramen ovale patients with ischemic stroke. Near half of young patients with ischemic stroke of an unknown origin have a patent foramen ovale. ![]() There were no differences between the two contrasts used. Transesophageal echocardiography without contrast showed a high sensitivity (90%) and specificity (93%) for detecting «anatomically permeable foramen ovale» whereas contrast transthoracic echocardiography showed a low sensitivity (13%). Among patients with a patent foramen ovale those with an ischemic stroke showed greater mobility of the oval membrane, more frequent «large» shunts of contrast in a single frame in the left heart, and more frequent shunts at rest. Patent foramen ovale was observed more frequently in group I than in group II (43 versus 21% p < 0.05). A transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography examination with 2 types of contrast agents was performed in all patients to determine the presence of a patent foramen ovale and its anatomical and functional characteristics. No cause was found in 55 out of 90 (group I) and the rest, in which an stroke was finally disregarded, were used as the control group (group II). Prospective study of 90 patients under the age of 50 who were hospitalised consecutively due to a clinical presentation suggestive of stroke. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of patent foramen ovale in this group of patients, as well as their anatomical and functional characteristics by contrast echocardiography, trying to determine ictus risk markers in young patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patent foramen ovale has been associated with stroke in young patients with «cryptogenic» stroke. All rights reserved.Introduction and objective. Anatomical knowledge of the CST is paramount to clinical diagnosis and treatment of a heterogeneity of neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, cerebrovascular and skull base tumors. The non-anastomotic nature of the vessel systems of the CST highlight the importance of their preservation during neurosurgical procedures. The caudal portions of the CST in the medulla are supplied by the anterior spinal artery which branches from the vertebral arteries. In the brainstem, the CST is supplied by anterior perforating branches from the basilar and vertebral arteries. The white matter tracts of the corona radiata and internal capsule are supplied by small perforators including the lenticulostriate arteries and branches of the anterior choroidal artery. At the level of the motor cortex, the CST is supplied by terminal branches of the anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery. ![]() The aim of this article is to identify and describe the vasculature associated with the CST from the cortex to the medulla.ĭissection of cadaveric specimens was carried out in a manner which exposed and preserved the fiber tracts of the CST, as well as the arterial systems that supply them. The CST is at risk of injury from vascular insult from strokes and during neurosurgical procedures. ![]() The CST condenses into fiber bundles as it descends from the frontoparietal cortex, traveling down to terminate at the anterior horn of the spinal cord. The corticospinal tract (CST) is the main neural pathway responsible for conducting voluntary motor function in the central nervous system.
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